Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	16
Number of observations	4315
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	539.5 KiB
Average record size in memory	128.0 B

Variable types

Numeric	15
Categorical	1

Alerts

`recency` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_days_bw_purchases` is highly correlated with `num_purchases`	High correlation
`num_purchases` is highly correlated with `recency` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`frequency` is highly correlated with `recency` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`revenue` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`avg_ticket` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`qty_items` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`avg_basket_size` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`returns_revenue` is highly correlated with `avg_return_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_return_revenue` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`num_returns` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`qty_returned` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`num_purchases` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`revenue` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_ticket` is highly correlated with `avg_basket_size`	High correlation
`qty_items` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_basket_size` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket`	High correlation
`returns_revenue` is highly correlated with `avg_return_revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_return_revenue` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`num_returns` is highly correlated with `num_purchases`	High correlation
`qty_returned` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`num_purchases` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`revenue` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_ticket` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`qty_items` is highly correlated with `num_purchases` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`avg_basket_size` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket`	High correlation
`returns_revenue` is highly correlated with `avg_return_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_return_revenue` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`num_returns` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`qty_returned` is highly correlated with `returns_revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`customer_id` is highly correlated with `country`	High correlation
`country` is highly correlated with `customer_id` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`recency` is highly correlated with `date_range`	High correlation
`avg_days_bw_purchases` is highly correlated with `date_range`	High correlation
`num_purchases` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`date_range` is highly correlated with `recency` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`revenue` is highly correlated with `country` and 5 other fields	High correlation
`avg_ticket` is highly correlated with `revenue` and 3 other fields	High correlation
`qty_items` is highly correlated with `country` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`avg_basket_size` is highly correlated with `country` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`returns_revenue` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`num_returns` is highly correlated with `country` and 2 other fields	High correlation
`qty_returned` is highly correlated with `avg_ticket` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`frequency` is highly skewed (γ1 = 58.77467773)	Skewed
`revenue` is highly skewed (γ1 = 21.4956196)	Skewed
`qty_items` is highly skewed (γ1 = 22.96127331)	Skewed
`returns_revenue` is highly skewed (γ1 = -62.33766618)	Skewed
`avg_return_revenue` is highly skewed (γ1 = -65.58048429)	Skewed
`qty_returned` is highly skewed (γ1 = -61.38913163)	Skewed
`customer_id` has unique values	Unique
`avg_days_bw_purchases` has 1545 (35.8%) zeros	Zeros
`returns_revenue` has 2824 (65.4%) zeros	Zeros
`avg_return_revenue` has 2824 (65.4%) zeros	Zeros
`num_returns` has 2824 (65.4%) zeros	Zeros
`qty_returned` has 2824 (65.4%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-03-02 13:57:33.727627
Analysis finished	2022-03-02 13:59:06.392451
Duration	1 minute and 32.66 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.0
Download configuration	config.json

customer_id
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
UNIQUE

Distinct	4315
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	15302.09316

Minimum	12347
Maximum	18287
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	12347
5-th percentile	12618.7
Q1	13816.5
median	15301
Q3	16779.5
95-th percentile	17981.2
Maximum	18287
Range	5940
Interquartile range (IQR)	2963

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1720.047195
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1124060072
Kurtosis	-1.195069703
Mean	15302.09316
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1481
Skewness	0.0006870301126
Sum	66028532
Variance	2958562.353
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17850	1	< 0.1%
15280	1	< 0.1%
15700	1	< 0.1%
17299	1	< 0.1%
12837	1	< 0.1%
15076	1	< 0.1%
17444	1	< 0.1%
15921	1	< 0.1%
15747	1	< 0.1%
15840	1	< 0.1%
Other values (4305)	4305	99.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
12347	1	< 0.1%
12348	1	< 0.1%
12349	1	< 0.1%
12350	1	< 0.1%
12352	1	< 0.1%
12353	1	< 0.1%
12354	1	< 0.1%
12355	1	< 0.1%
12356	1	< 0.1%
12357	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
18287	1	< 0.1%
18283	1	< 0.1%
18282	1	< 0.1%
18281	1	< 0.1%
18280	1	< 0.1%
18278	1	< 0.1%
18277	1	< 0.1%
18276	1	< 0.1%
18273	1	< 0.1%
18272	1	< 0.1%

country
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	35
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

United Kingdom	3905
Germany	94
France	87
Spain	27
Belgium	24
Other values (30)	178

Length

Max length	20
Median length	14
Mean length	13.33812283
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	8 ?
Unique (%)	0.2%

Sample

1st row	United Kingdom
2nd row	United Kingdom
3rd row	France
4th row	United Kingdom
5th row	United Kingdom

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
United Kingdom	3905	90.5%
Germany	94	2.2%
France	87	2.0%
Spain	27	0.6%
Belgium	24	0.6%
Switzerland	20	0.5%
Portugal	19	0.4%
Italy	14	0.3%
Finland	12	0.3%
Norway	10	0.2%
Other values (25)	103	2.4%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
united	3907	47.4%
kingdom	3905	47.4%
germany	94	1.1%
france	87	1.1%
spain	27	0.3%
belgium	24	0.3%
switzerland	20	0.2%
portugal	19	0.2%
italy	14	0.2%
finland	12	0.1%
Other values (30)	126	1.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

recency
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	304
Distinct (%)	7.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	93.02502897

Minimum	1
Maximum	374
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	3
Q1	18
median	51
Q3	143
95-th percentile	312
Maximum	374
Range	373
Interquartile range (IQR)	125

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	100.1640626
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.076743148
Kurtosis	0.4282660467
Mean	93.02502897
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	40
Skewness	1.246769578
Sum	401403
Variance	10032.83943
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	103	2.4%
5	94	2.2%
4	94	2.2%
3	89	2.1%
9	79	1.8%
11	77	1.8%
18	74	1.7%
8	71	1.6%
10	70	1.6%
16	64	1.5%
Other values (294)	3500	81.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	35	0.8%
2	103	2.4%
3	89	2.1%
4	94	2.2%
5	94	2.2%
6	48	1.1%
8	71	1.6%
9	79	1.8%
10	70	1.6%
11	77	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
374	17	0.4%
373	17	0.4%
372	6	0.1%
370	3	0.1%
369	5	0.1%
368	5	0.1%
367	10	0.2%
366	10	0.2%
365	6	0.1%
363	6	0.1%

avg_days_bw_purchases
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	1155
Distinct (%)	26.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	50.60680275

Minimum	0
Maximum	366
Zeros	1545
Zeros (%)	35.8%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	31.18181818
Q3	73.29166667
95-th percentile	184
Maximum	366
Range	366
Interquartile range (IQR)	73.29166667

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	65.35409852
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.291409355
Kurtosis	4.635223005
Mean	50.60680275
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	31.18181818
Skewness	1.986172394
Sum	218368.3539
Variance	4271.158193
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1545	35.8%
70	21	0.5%
46	18	0.4%
55	17	0.4%
49	16	0.4%
91	16	0.4%
21	15	0.3%
35	15	0.3%
31	15	0.3%
42	15	0.3%
Other values (1145)	2622	60.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1545	35.8%
1	9	0.2%
2	4	0.1%
2.861538462	1	< 0.1%
3	6	0.1%
3.330357143	1	< 0.1%
3.351351351	1	< 0.1%
4	4	0.1%
4.191011236	1	< 0.1%
4.275862069	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
366	1	< 0.1%
365	1	< 0.1%
364	1	< 0.1%
363	1	< 0.1%
357	2	< 0.1%
356	1	< 0.1%
355	2	< 0.1%
352	1	< 0.1%
351	2	< 0.1%
350	3	0.1%

num_purchases
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	56
Distinct (%)	1.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	4.259559676

Minimum	1
Maximum	206
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	2
Q3	5
95-th percentile	13
Maximum	206
Range	205
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7.659012726
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.798076165
Kurtosis	244.1691457
Mean	4.259559676
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	11.95400266
Sum	18380
Variance	58.66047593
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1493	34.6%
2	825	19.1%
3	501	11.6%
4	394	9.1%
5	237	5.5%
6	173	4.0%
7	139	3.2%
8	98	2.3%
9	68	1.6%
10	55	1.3%
Other values (46)	332	7.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1493	34.6%
2	825	19.1%
3	501	11.6%
4	394	9.1%
5	237	5.5%
6	173	4.0%
7	139	3.2%
8	98	2.3%
9	68	1.6%
10	55	1.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
206	1	< 0.1%
199	1	< 0.1%
124	1	< 0.1%
97	1	< 0.1%
91	1	< 0.1%
90	1	< 0.1%
86	1	< 0.1%
73	1	< 0.1%
62	2	< 0.1%
60	1	< 0.1%

date_range
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	374
Distinct (%)	8.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	187.226883

Minimum	1
Maximum	374
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	19
Q1	75.5
median	191
Q3	286
95-th percentile	363
Maximum	374
Range	373
Interquartile range (IQR)	210.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	114.9992631
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.6142240971
Kurtosis	-1.330278472
Mean	187.226883
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	106
Skewness	0.01411592571
Sum	807884
Variance	13224.83052
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
366	30	0.7%
364	28	0.6%
25	26	0.6%
65	26	0.6%
350	26	0.6%
267	25	0.6%
357	25	0.6%
365	24	0.6%
54	24	0.6%
20	23	0.5%
Other values (364)	4058	94.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	10	0.2%
2	8	0.2%
3	10	0.2%
4	12	0.3%
5	10	0.2%
6	7	0.2%
7	7	0.2%
8	11	0.3%
9	6	0.1%
10	8	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
374	17	0.4%
373	21	0.5%
372	14	0.3%
371	8	0.2%
370	11	0.3%
369	11	0.3%
368	15	0.3%
367	20	0.5%
366	30	0.7%
365	24	0.6%

frequency
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	1403
Distinct (%)	32.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.04748807193

Minimum	0.002673796791
Maximum	34
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.002673796791
5-th percentile	0.003286238136
Q1	0.01025641026
median	0.0192926045
Q3	0.03566129716
95-th percentile	0.1017323586
Maximum	34
Range	33.9973262
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0254048869

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.5380293109
Coefficient of variation (CV)	11.32977796
Kurtosis	3682.62375
Mean	0.04748807193
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.01151050333
Skewness	58.77467773
Sum	204.9110304
Variance	0.2894755394
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.01851851852	27	0.6%
0.03846153846	27	0.6%
0.03225806452	23	0.5%
0.01960784314	23	0.5%
0.01538461538	23	0.5%
0.02127659574	22	0.5%
0.05263157895	22	0.5%
0.01923076923	21	0.5%
0.01639344262	21	0.5%
0.025	20	0.5%
Other values (1393)	4086	94.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.002673796791	16	0.4%
0.002680965147	16	0.4%
0.002688172043	6	0.1%
0.002702702703	2	< 0.1%
0.0027100271	5	0.1%
0.002717391304	5	0.1%
0.00272479564	9	0.2%
0.002732240437	10	0.2%
0.002739726027	6	0.1%
0.002754820937	6	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
34	1	< 0.1%
6	1	< 0.1%
4	1	< 0.1%
2	6	0.1%
1.5	1	< 0.1%
1.333333333	2	< 0.1%
1	6	0.1%
0.6666666667	3	0.1%
0.5522788204	1	< 0.1%
0.5349462366	1	< 0.1%

revenue
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	4229
Distinct (%)	98.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1922.049105

Minimum	2.9
Maximum	278778.02
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2.9
5-th percentile	110.785
Q1	300.675
median	654.92
Q3	1611.86
95-th percentile	5659.096
Maximum	278778.02
Range	278775.12
Interquartile range (IQR)	1311.185

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8325.527494
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.331589381
Kurtosis	595.0826196
Mean	1922.049105
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	454.2
Skewness	21.4956196
Sum	8293641.89
Variance	69314408.06
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
76.32	4	0.1%
35.4	3	0.1%
15	3	0.1%
440	3	0.1%
363.65	3	0.1%
79.2	3	0.1%
113.5	3	0.1%
127.86	2	< 0.1%
598.2	2	< 0.1%
144	2	< 0.1%
Other values (4219)	4287	99.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.9	1	< 0.1%
3.75	1	< 0.1%
5.9	1	< 0.1%
12.24	1	< 0.1%
12.75	1	< 0.1%
15	3	0.1%
17	1	< 0.1%
20.8	2	< 0.1%
25.5	1	< 0.1%
30	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
278778.02	1	< 0.1%
259657.3	1	< 0.1%
189735.53	1	< 0.1%
133007.13	1	< 0.1%
123638.18	1	< 0.1%
114505.32	1	< 0.1%
88138.2	1	< 0.1%
65920.12	1	< 0.1%
62924.1	1	< 0.1%
59419.34	1	< 0.1%

avg_ticket
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	4223
Distinct (%)	97.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	371.1365673

Minimum	1.45
Maximum	13206.5
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.45
5-th percentile	88.0344
Q1	174.385
median	283.2675
Q3	421.7729412
95-th percentile	892.395
Maximum	13206.5
Range	13205.05
Interquartile range (IQR)	247.3879412

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	465.0749814
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.253110101
Kurtosis	202.5706982
Mean	371.1365673
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	118.1975
Skewness	10.64623904
Sum	1601454.288
Variance	216294.7384
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
76.32	4	0.1%
120	3	0.1%
440	3	0.1%
79.2	3	0.1%
113.5	3	0.1%
35.4	3	0.1%
90.6	2	< 0.1%
153.275	2	< 0.1%
172.25	2	< 0.1%
151.05	2	< 0.1%
Other values (4213)	4288	99.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.45	1	< 0.1%
3.75	1	< 0.1%
5.9	1	< 0.1%
7.5	1	< 0.1%
9.14	1	< 0.1%
11.67	1	< 0.1%
12.24	1	< 0.1%
12.75	1	< 0.1%
15	2	< 0.1%
17	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13206.5	1	< 0.1%
9338.38	1	< 0.1%
7178.633333	1	< 0.1%
6207.67	1	< 0.1%
6181.909	1	< 0.1%
4873.81	1	< 0.1%
4366.78	1	< 0.1%
4327.621667	1	< 0.1%
4314.72	1	< 0.1%
4151.26	1	< 0.1%

qty_items
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED

Distinct	1767
Distinct (%)	41.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1132.986095

Minimum	1
Maximum	197132
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	46
Q1	159
median	373
Q3	980.5
95-th percentile	3503.4
Maximum	197132
Range	197131
Interquartile range (IQR)	821.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4700.732638
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.14897646
Kurtosis	778.4817433
Mean	1132.986095
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	273
Skewness	22.96127331
Sum	4888835
Variance	22096887.33
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
88	19	0.4%
120	18	0.4%
72	16	0.4%
106	15	0.3%
128	15	0.3%
150	14	0.3%
78	14	0.3%
146	14	0.3%
187	13	0.3%
160	13	0.3%
Other values (1757)	4164	96.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2	< 0.1%
2	6	0.1%
3	3	0.1%
4	7	0.2%
5	3	0.1%
6	3	0.1%
7	1	< 0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%
9	2	< 0.1%
10	5	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
197132	1	< 0.1%
77242	1	< 0.1%
77181	1	< 0.1%
69041	1	< 0.1%
64124	1	< 0.1%
63014	1	< 0.1%
61808	1	< 0.1%
58021	1	< 0.1%
57026	1	< 0.1%
49391	1	< 0.1%

avg_basket_size
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2244
Distinct (%)	52.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	200.1271216

Minimum	0.25
Maximum	7824
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.25
5-th percentile	30
Q1	80
median	140
Q3	236.2055556
95-th percentile	524.1
Maximum	7824
Range	7823.75
Interquartile range (IQR)	156.2055556

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	269.8954076
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.348619844
Kurtosis	193.3983166
Mean	200.1271216
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	70.63636364
Skewness	10.01419872
Sum	863548.5298
Variance	72843.53103
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
120	19	0.4%
72	18	0.4%
64	17	0.4%
44	16	0.4%
136	16	0.4%
144	16	0.4%
100	15	0.3%
146	15	0.3%
106	15	0.3%
60	15	0.3%
Other values (2234)	4153	96.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.25	1	< 0.1%
0.6666666667	1	< 0.1%
1	2	< 0.1%
2	4	0.1%
3	4	0.1%
3.333333333	1	< 0.1%
4	7	0.2%
5	3	0.1%
5.25	1	< 0.1%
5.5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7824	1	< 0.1%
4300	1	< 0.1%
4280	1	< 0.1%
3218.416667	1	< 0.1%
3028	1	< 0.1%
2924	1	< 0.1%
2880	1	< 0.1%
2708	1	< 0.1%
2663.945946	1	< 0.1%
2529	1	< 0.1%

avg_unique_prods
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1001
Distinct (%)	23.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	21.64341438

Minimum	1
Maximum	297.8823529
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	2.917819149
Q1	9.3875
median	17
Q3	27.75
95-th percentile	56
Maximum	297.8823529
Range	296.8823529
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.3625

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19.4417659
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8982762867
Kurtosis	23.96848672
Mean	21.64341438
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	8.5
Skewness	3.301064514
Sum	93391.33303
Variance	377.9822612
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13	98	2.3%
1	98	2.3%
10	87	2.0%
9	81	1.9%
11	80	1.9%
14	74	1.7%
7	72	1.7%
6	72	1.7%
8	72	1.7%
5	70	1.6%
Other values (991)	3511	81.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	98	2.3%
1.2	1	< 0.1%
1.25	1	< 0.1%
1.333333333	2	< 0.1%
1.5	9	0.2%
1.545454545	1	< 0.1%
1.571428571	1	< 0.1%
1.666666667	4	0.1%
1.833333333	1	< 0.1%
1.888888889	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
297.8823529	1	< 0.1%
259	1	< 0.1%
219	1	< 0.1%
191	1	< 0.1%
171	1	< 0.1%
155	1	< 0.1%
153	1	< 0.1%
148	2	< 0.1%
141	1	< 0.1%
135.3333333	1	< 0.1%

returns_revenue
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	1052
Distinct (%)	24.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-89.26887833

Minimum	-168469.6
Maximum	0
Zeros	2824
Zeros (%)	65.4%
Negative	1491
Negative (%)	34.6%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-168469.6
5-th percentile	-140.154
Q1	-14.475
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	0
Range	168469.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	14.475

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2612.102626
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-29.26106695
Kurtosis	4006.657749
Mean	-89.26887833
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-62.33766618
Sum	-385195.21
Variance	6823080.127
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2824	65.4%
-12.75	20	0.5%
-4.95	19	0.4%
-15	17	0.4%
-9.95	17	0.4%
-5.9	12	0.3%
-19.8	10	0.2%
-4.25	10	0.2%
-25.5	10	0.2%
-3.75	9	0.2%
Other values (1042)	1367	31.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-168469.6	1	< 0.1%
-22998.4	1	< 0.1%
-14688.24	1	< 0.1%
-8511.15	1	< 0.1%
-7443.59	1	< 0.1%
-5228.4	1	< 0.1%
-4815.26	1	< 0.1%
-4814.74	1	< 0.1%
-4486.24	1	< 0.1%
-4429	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2824	65.4%
-0.42	2	< 0.1%
-0.65	1	< 0.1%
-0.95	1	< 0.1%
-1.25	4	0.1%
-1.45	4	0.1%
-1.64	1	< 0.1%
-1.65	5	0.1%
-1.7	2	< 0.1%
-1.79	1	< 0.1%

avg_return_revenue
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	1098
Distinct (%)	25.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-48.79090548

Minimum	-168469.6
Maximum	0
Zeros	2824
Zeros (%)	65.4%
Negative	1491
Negative (%)	34.6%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-168469.6
5-th percentile	-29.859
Q1	-6.564166667
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	0
Range	168469.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	6.564166667

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2565.947329
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-52.59068885
Kurtosis	4305.399441
Mean	-48.79090548
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-65.58048429
Sum	-210532.7572
Variance	6584085.695
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2824	65.4%
-12.75	23	0.5%
-4.95	21	0.5%
-9.95	20	0.5%
-15	17	0.4%
-4.25	10	0.2%
-3.75	10	0.2%
-17	9	0.2%
-7.5	9	0.2%
-8.25	9	0.2%
Other values (1088)	1363	31.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-168469.6	1	< 0.1%
-4599.68	1	< 0.1%
-1605.086667	1	< 0.1%
-1591.2	1	< 0.1%
-833.25	1	< 0.1%
-687.82	1	< 0.1%
-638.6191304	1	< 0.1%
-594	1	< 0.1%
-581.4	1	< 0.1%
-535.3333333	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2824	65.4%
-0.42	2	< 0.1%
-0.65	1	< 0.1%
-0.82	1	< 0.1%
-0.95	1	< 0.1%
-1.05	1	< 0.1%
-1.075	1	< 0.1%
-1.116666667	1	< 0.1%
-1.25	5	0.1%
-1.38	1	< 0.1%

num_returns
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	57
Distinct (%)	1.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	1.908458864

Minimum	0
Maximum	223
Zeros	2824
Zeros (%)	65.4%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	1
95-th percentile	9
Maximum	223
Range	223
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	7.05963145
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.699126862
Kurtosis	303.4869025
Mean	1.908458864
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	13.62081804
Sum	8235
Variance	49.83839621
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2824	65.4%
1	474	11.0%
2	283	6.6%
3	171	4.0%
4	117	2.7%
5	83	1.9%
6	52	1.2%
7	51	1.2%
8	41	1.0%
11	22	0.5%
Other values (47)	197	4.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2824	65.4%
1	474	11.0%
2	283	6.6%
3	171	4.0%
4	117	2.7%
5	83	1.9%
6	52	1.2%
7	51	1.2%
8	41	1.0%
9	17	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
223	1	< 0.1%
133	1	< 0.1%
112	1	< 0.1%
111	1	< 0.1%
92	1	< 0.1%
90	1	< 0.1%
81	1	< 0.1%
78	1	< 0.1%
70	1	< 0.1%
62	1	< 0.1%

qty_returned
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
SKEWED
ZEROS

Distinct	207
Distinct (%)	4.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	-43.90382387

Minimum	-80995
Maximum	0
Zeros	2824
Zeros (%)	65.4%
Negative	1491
Negative (%)	34.6%
Memory size	33.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-80995
5-th percentile	-57
Q1	-3
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0
Maximum	0
Range	80995
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1262.559141
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-28.75738443
Kurtosis	3921.624481
Mean	-43.90382387
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	-61.38913163
Sum	-189445
Variance	1594055.584
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2824	65.4%
-1	169	3.9%
-2	148	3.4%
-3	105	2.4%
-4	89	2.1%
-6	78	1.8%
-5	61	1.4%
-12	51	1.2%
-7	44	1.0%
-8	43	1.0%
Other values (197)	703	16.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-80995	1	< 0.1%
-9360	1	< 0.1%
-9014	1	< 0.1%
-8004	1	< 0.1%
-4427	1	< 0.1%
-3768	1	< 0.1%
-3332	1	< 0.1%
-2878	1	< 0.1%
-2022	1	< 0.1%
-2012	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2824	65.4%
-1	169	3.9%
-2	148	3.4%
-3	105	2.4%
-4	89	2.1%
-5	61	1.4%
-6	78	1.8%
-7	44	1.0%
-8	43	1.0%
-9	41	1.0%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	customer_id	country	recency	avg_days_bw_purchases	num_purchases	date_range	frequency	revenue	avg_ticket	qty_items	avg_basket_size	avg_unique_prods	returns_revenue	avg_return_revenue	num_returns	qty_returned
0	17850	United Kingdom	373	1.000000	34	1	34.000000	5288.63	155.547941	1693	48.371429	8.735294	-102.58	-6.838667	15.0	-40.0
1	13047	United Kingdom	57	52.833333	9	317	0.028391	3089.10	343.233333	1355	84.687500	19.000000	-143.49	-6.238696	23.0	-35.0
2	12583	France	3	26.500000	15	371	0.040431	6629.34	441.956000	4978	292.823529	15.466667	-76.04	-25.346667	3.0	-50.0
3	13748	United Kingdom	96	92.666667	5	278	0.017986	948.25	189.650000	439	87.800000	5.600000	0.00	0.000000	0.0	0.0
4	15100	United Kingdom	334	20.000000	3	40	0.075000	635.10	211.700000	58	9.666667	1.000000	-240.90	-80.300000	3.0	-22.0
5	15291	United Kingdom	26	26.769231	14	348	0.040230	4551.51	325.107857	2073	109.105263	7.285714	-71.79	-11.965000	6.0	-29.0
6	14688	United Kingdom	8	19.263158	21	366	0.057377	5107.38	243.208571	3222	119.333333	15.285714	-523.49	-16.359063	32.0	-399.0
7	17809	United Kingdom	17	39.666667	12	357	0.033613	5344.85	445.404167	2016	144.000000	5.083333	-67.06	-33.530000	2.0	-41.0
8	15311	United Kingdom	1	4.191011	91	373	0.243968	59419.34	652.959780	37720	319.661017	25.901099	-1348.56	-12.040714	112.0	-474.0
9	16098	United Kingdom	88	47.666667	7	286	0.024476	2005.63	286.518571	613	87.571429	9.428571	0.00	0.000000	0.0	0.0

Last rows

	customer_id	country	recency	num_purchases	date_range	frequency	revenue	avg_ticket	qty_items	avg_basket_size	avg_unique_prods	returns_revenue	avg_return_revenue	num_returns	qty_returned
4305	16000	United Kingdom	3	3	3	1.000000	12393.70	4131.233333	5110	1703.333333	3.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4306	15195	United Kingdom	3	1	3	0.333333	3861.00	3861.000000	1404	1404.000000	1.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4307	14087	United Kingdom	3	1	3	0.333333	181.67	181.670000	250	125.000000	61.0	-12.75	-12.75	1.0	-1.0
4308	14204	United Kingdom	3	1	3	0.333333	161.03	161.030000	82	82.000000	36.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4309	15471	United Kingdom	3	1	3	0.333333	469.48	469.480000	266	266.000000	67.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4310	13436	United Kingdom	2	1	2	0.500000	196.89	196.890000	76	76.000000	12.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4311	15520	United Kingdom	2	1	2	0.500000	343.50	343.500000	314	314.000000	18.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4312	13298	United Kingdom	2	1	2	0.500000	360.00	360.000000	96	96.000000	2.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4313	14569	United Kingdom	2	1	2	0.500000	227.39	227.390000	79	79.000000	10.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0
4314	12713	Germany	1	1	1	1.000000	794.55	794.550000	505	505.000000	37.0	0.00	0.00	0.0	0.0

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows